sea. 



PROTECT YOUR IDEAS 




fO 






REFERENCES 

XOashington 

National Metropolitan BanK 

American Security and Trust Co. 

Chicago 

Western Trust and Savings BanK 

Cle-Oeland 
First National BanK 

Tieiroit 
Dime Savings BanK 

AN INDORSEMENT 

** For over 32 years tHis firm Has prosecuted 
claims in beKalf of clients in every State in tHe 
Union, and tKe integrity of its members has 
never been questioned. THe firm is AvortHy of 
confidence upon tHe ground botH of com- 
petence and Honesty." 

rrom the JS[A.TIOJ^AL T'Rl'BX/J^B 

the great XVa>shington XOeeKly 

U^ue of April /. 1897 



"Protect Your Ideas." 

A Hand-book of the Laws and Rules of Practice 

Relative to Patents, Trade-Marks, 

Copyrights, Labels, etc. 



PREPARED AND PUBLISHED BT 

MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

ATTORNEYS AND SOLICITORS IN PATENT CAUSES, 

WASHINGTON, CHICAGO, CLEVELAND, 

DETROIT. 



Copyright 1908. 



1 m Copies fiWriw-Ai 
?.f?AR IS 1308 „ 

I .''^'-^-i^l^f" 

INDEX~OF SUBJECTS. 

Page. 

New Inventions 3 

The First Step 4 

Preliminary Examination of the Patent Office Records 4 

Our Fees 6 

Sale or Manufacture of Inventions 9 

Sale of Patents 9 

Rules of Practice of U. S. Patent Office 9 

Correspondence ^ 10 

Attorneys 10 

Inventors' Privilege 11 

What May Be Patented 12 

Design Patents 13 

Caveats 14 

Government Fees 15 

Models, etc 16 

The Drawings 16 

Specimens 17 

Secrecy in Patent Office 17 

Issue 17 

Reissue of Patent *'\'\ ^ 

Extension of Patent -.v* • ^ ^^ 

Interferences IS 

Renewal of Abandoned Application 18 

Renewal of Forfeited Applications 19 

Rejected Cases 19 

Appeals 20 

Foreign Patents 21 

Assignments 21 

Patent or Trade-Mark. How Soon Secured. 22 

Deceased or Insane Inventors 22 

Porto Rico, Guam and the Philippines 23 

Trade-Marks 23 

Labels and Prints 26 

Copyrights 27 

Not Subject to Copyright 27 

Fee Contract 29 

Testimonials ,,.,., -^^ 



PROTECT YOUR IDEAS. 



Hare you thought out some improvement in tools or machines you are 
in the habit of using, or in other articles in daily use? Perhaps you have 
thought of some labor-saving device, some new process of value, or have 
conceived a new design in architecture, ornaments or ornamental work, 
textile fabrics, wall papers, pottery, silverware, cast articles such as type, 
stoves, etc. You may have a compound or composition, or other goods, 
wares, or merchandise, that you should not market without a distinctive 
trade-mark. You may have a musical composition, book, (^hart, map, 
dramatic work, engraving, cut, print, drawing, photograph, painting, etc., 
the copyright of which should be preserved to yourself. 

If so, what have you done to protect your idea, and secure the 
pecuniary benefit derivable therefrom? 

NEW INVENTIONS. 

The oflScial reports of the Commissioner of Patents show that the 
Patent OflBce is rapidly approaching the million mark in number of patents 
granted since the establishment of the office. That there is constant room 
for improvements in the line of invention is evidenced by the fact that 
there have been over 20,000 patents granted yearly since 1883. This is 
the age of invention, and each year sees more new and valuable devices for 
the home, the shop and the office ; improved machinery and processes, time- 
savers, labor-savers, and conveniences coming on the market ; for the most 
part the product of the inventive genius of the American citizen. All 
classes of manufacture and trade are on the sharp lookout for something 
better in their particular lines, and there is an ever-increasing sale for 
novelties of all sorts. 

Small, simple inventions often prove more profitable than more 
complicated and elaborate productions; the former, being profitably manu- 
factured and sold at a low price, find a readier sale, especially when first 
introduced, and come into more general use. The metal paper-fasteners, 
the rubber pencil-tip, the metallic s'hoe-tip, the metal hee'l-plate for shoes, 
the arm-pit dress shield, the wooden shoe-peg, the roller-skate, the return 
ball, "pigs in clover" puzzle, the "13, 15, 14" puzzle, the "see that hump'* 
hook-and-eye, and numerous other inventions of a comparatively trifling 
nature, including many toys, games, and the like, have proved very profi' 

(3) 



4 MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

table indeed to the patentees. Toys and games, especially those inexpen- 
sive in price, usually find a ready market, and in the field of designs or 
patterns for fabrics, etc., there are many opportunities for profitable in- 
Tention. 

Nearly 25,000 assignments of patent rights are recorded in the 
Patent OflSce yearly. This shows an extensive demand for and sale of 
patented inventions. The number of assignments recorded almost equals 
the number of patents issued. 

We solicit correspondence from inventors on any subject as to 
which specific information is desired. It is often unsafe to apply general 
rules to specific cases, and this booklet is not intended to discourage spe- 
cific inquiry by letter to us. 

No Charge w*hatever will be made for consultation upon any point 
relative to matters of law and official practice, not involving preparation of 
papers, search of official records, or consultation of authorities. 

THE FIRST STEP. 

Tlie first step is to send us rough pencil sketches showing all the 
features of the invention. 

A clear description of the invention should accompany the sketch, 
explaining the several parts or features, their operation and advantages. 
Refer to the several parts by the use of letters or figures corresponding to 
like letters or figures on the sketch. 

A model or sample need not be sent unless we request it, or unless 
the inventor finds It easier to explain from the model or sample than from 
any sketch he can make. If you send a model, see that your name and 
address are securely attached thereto. 

A photograph or series of photographs of a model or sample will 
often serve as well as the thing itself. Photographs should not be mounted. 

No money need be sent as fee for our opinion as to the probable 
patentability of your invention unless you wish us to make a search of the 
official records, and whatever information you give us with reference to 
your invention will be held in strict confidence. 

Upon receipt of the description or model of your invention we will 
inform you whether the invention is of patentable nature, and will give 
our opinion as to whether a preliminary examination of the official records 
of U. S. patents is advisable. 

PREUMINARY EXAMINATION OF THE PATENT OFFICE 

RECORDS. 

The objects of the preliminary examination of the official 
records of prior patents issued by the U. S. Patent Office are: — 

1st. To ascertain, in advance, as definitely as possible what the 
probable chances are of securing a patent. 



WASHINGTON. D. C. 6 

2d. To save the applicant possible useless expenditure of Oovernment 
fees required to be filed with the application and not recoverable in the 
event of rejection, 

3d. In cases in which contingent terms are desired, to save our clients 
the attorney's fees for presentation and prosecution of the application, in- 
asmuch as we cannot under any circumstances undertake a case with our 
fee in the least dependent on a successful outcome, unless a careful search 
is first made of the official records as above. 

The inventor is commonly not justified in filing his application with- 
out such preliminary search of the records of prior inventions. An in- 
ventor may consider that he is informed as to all patents in the line of 
his invention, but it is sometimes found that an obscure patent that has 
not been exploited properly and so is not generally known, stands in the 
way, and needs to be avoided. 

We will purchase and furnish you with official copies of patents 
which possibly conflict with your invention at some point, together with 
our opinion as to your probable chances of success in seeking protection 
for yourself. 

Our professional opinion, if favorable, should enable you to financially 
interest others in the matter, if you desire further capital ; and you can 
hardly expect to interest capital, if you wish to do so, unless you can show 
evidence of a reasonable prospect of securing a patent. 

The cost of the search is ordinarily but $5.00 attorney's fees, and 
we credit the amount on the usual charge for our services in prosecuting 
an application for patent. 

We charge this fee in advance in the interest of the legitimate in- 
ventor, because of those persons who have not sufficient interest or con- 
fidence in their alleged invention or its value, to invest any amount in 
ascertaining the probable chances of securing a patent, but who would 
avail themselves of an offer to render this valuable service free of charge, 
without having, however, any real intention of employing us to secure a 
patent for them. Properly done, the work of searching the records is no 
perfunctory task, and it is highly important to the inventor that, if done 
at all, it be properly done. An attorney who is over-run with curiosity 
inquirers and triflers, which is apt to be an unavoidable consequence of 
the "free-search" plan, is naturally unable to give in many instances that 
due attention and consideration to the matter in hand that the inventor 
who means business is entitled to and should have. 

The preliminairy examination or search is among the most im- 
portant services a patent attorney is called on to perform, i. e., considered 
from the point of view of his client's interest. In the Patent Office, all 
U. S. patents heretofore granted are arranged according to the classes and 
sub-classes, hence patents of all inventions of the same character will, as 
a rule, be found together, and thousands of patents are sometimes con- 
tained in a single class. To make a careful and exhaustive search through 
the class, or classes, in which an invention may be found, is an operation 



6 MILO B. STEVENS A CO., 

of exceeding importance to the inventor and often of great difficulty to 
the attorney. 

It is of importance to the inventor in saving a useless expenditure of 
money in endeavoring to obtain a patent when none can be obtained. Our 
searches are thorough and complete, and we advise no one to apply unless 
a good chance of success appears. 

Searches made through the Official Gazette, or elsewhere than in 
Washington, are apt to be incomplete and unreliable. All searches are 
made by our Washington office, including those ordered by our branch 
offices at Chicago, Cleveland and Detroit, 

If, after such preliminary examination of the records, we are of the 
opinion that there is a good chance to secure our client a patent, we are 
willing, if desired, to prosecute the case without further payment of fee if 
the application is thereafter rejected on any patent issued prior to the 
filing of the application. We stake our fee on the correctness of our judg- 
ment and the care and thoroughness of our preliminary search of the 
official records of U. S. patents. 

If, after preliminary examination, our client feels satisfied, from our 
report, that his invention is patentably new and wishes to save something 
on our fee, he can discount it by making a payment of cash in advance, 
assuming the risk of success himself. Inasmuch as our searches are 
carefully made, many of our clients prefer to pay cash and make a saving 
in the cost of the patent. 

In any case which we regard as not presenting patentable subject 
matter, or as being evidently anticipated by prior patents, or as being for 
any other reason very doubtful, but our client nevertheless wishes to try 
the case, we invariably require at least part of our fee paid in advance. 

OUR FEES. 

On a cash basis, in a simple mechanical patent case, not com- 
plicated as to the character of the invention, and not becoming involved 
in interference proceedings, and not requiring an appeal, our entire charge 
is $30, which includes the fee for the search and for one sheet of drawings. 

The manner of payment of this fee is as follows : In the beginning, 
before the search (see "Preliminary Examination," page 4), $5. If 
it appear that the invention is not patentably new, we will so inform the 
inventor, and he will be to no further expense. But if it appear that the 
invention has patentable novelty, $15 of our fee and $5 for the drawings, if 
but one sheet is required, are then payable. On receipt of said amounts 
we prepare the specification, etc., and send same to the inventor for his 
approval and signature. When executed, they are to be returned to us 
together with $5, the balance of our fee, and $15, the Government filing 
fee. This covers all expenses in a simple case, until the patent is allowed, 
when the final Government fee of $20 may be paid at any time within six 
months thereafter. The total cost under this plan is thus $65. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 7 

On a contingent basis our total fee in a simple case is $10 greater, 
or $40, and the manner of payment is as follows : In advance, the $5 fee 
before the search, as above indicated. If a good chance to secure a patent 
appear, ^'e will so report to the inventor and send for the Government filing 
fee of $15, and $5 for the drawings, if but one sheet is required, on re- 
ceipc of which we will prepare the specification, etc., and send the same 
to the inventor for approval and signature, and also send him a form of 
contract for $30 (see page 28) to be signed by himself and a responsible 
guarantor and returned to us, and on the return thereof we will file the 
application in the Patent Office, together with the Government filing fee. 
Thus an application can be put on file for $25, and the remainder of the 
fees does not have to be paid until the application is allowed and the patent 
assured. 

Payment of our fees in patent and trade-mark cases under the con- 
tingent plan is expected upon the termination of the service by the allow- 
ance of the application or otherwise according to the terms of our agree- 
ment. 

Without a search our total fee in a simple case is $25, including 
one sheet of drawings. If the inventor, by reason of familiarity with the 
art, or confidence in the novelty of his invention, wishes to apply without 
an examination, we will undertake a simple case for this very low fee, in- 
cluding one sheet of drawings. In this case we cannot make our fee con- 
tingent on success, nor assume responsibility in case the invention is found 
to be old. Our fee is payable $15 in advance and $10 with return of 
application for filing. 

In complicated cases, which usually require additional sheets of 
drawings, an extra charge will be made according to the nature and amount 
of additional or extraordinary work involved. This charge will be mod- 
erate and reasonable, and the applicant will be informed thereof when 
the report on the search ds made, in advance of the preparation of the case. 

In design patent cases our charge is ordinarily $25, including the 
cost of the usual one sheet of drawings. If not paid in advance, the entire 
charge as above is $10 more. The amount of professional work is the same 
and the fee the same, irrespective of the term for which the design patent is 
issued, the saving to the claimant being in the smaller Government fee 
for the shorter term. 

For preparing and filing a caveat, our entire charge will or- 
dinarily be $20, including the cost of the usual one sheet of drawings. This 
amount will be payable strictly in advance of the preparing of the papers, 
and will be entirely independent of the fee for preparing and prosecuting 
the application for patent, and will not be considered as part fee on ac- 
count of any interference proceedings which may arise. 



8 MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

For renexiringr a caveat our fee will ordinarily b» $5, payable in 
advance. 

In a reissue of patent case our fee is ordinarily the same as in an 
original application. 

In a matter of trade-mark registration our entire charge is ordi- 
narily $12.50 or less (including drawings), according to the nature of 
the case. 

If not paid in advance the entire charge is $2.50 more. 

In a matter of label or print registration our entire charge is 
ordinarily $10, payable in advance. 

In a matter of copyright our entire charge is ordinarily $6, in- 
cluding the Government fee, and is payable in advance. 

For eacli sheet of official drawings required by the Patent 
Office in patent, design patent and trade-mark cases our charge is $5. 
Ordinarily but one sheet is required in a case. 

Rejected, abandoned, neglected and forfeited cases, appeals, 
interference and infringement cases, and all other forms of patent 
litigation, in the Patent Office or United States Courts, will be conducted on 
moderate terms, mutually agreed upon. 

If an inventor has applied for a patent, either with or without an 
attorney, and the application has been rejected or is not receiving satisfac- 
tory attention, we can undertake the matter and may be able to secure an 
allowance. In any such case the inventor should give us a statement of 
the facts, on receipt of which we wnll send a power of attorney. Our fee 
in such cases will depend on the amount of work necessary to be done, but 
will ordinarily be considerably less than the fee in an original case. 

For preparing and filing assignments our fee is $5 or more, ac- 
cording to the character of the assignment ; our charge to include the Gov- 
ernment fee, which is from $1 to $3. according to the amount of matter. 

For making an abstract of title of a patent or trade-mark, being 
a digest of recorded assignments filed in a case, our fee will ordinarily be 
$5, including the Government fees. 

Official printed copies of drawings and sijecifications of patents 
will be furnished at 10 cents each. 

Manuscript copies of record and bine-prints of drawings not 
printed, will be furnished at reasonable rates according to amount of matter 
and dimeasions of drawings. 

Foreign patents: Our fees in foreign patent cases will be stated on 
application. 




THE POPE BUILDING, 817-819 14th STREET 



WASHINGTON, D. O. 9 

SALE OR MANUFACTURE OF INVENTIONS. 

An inventor lacking the means to obtain a patent can in most 
cases obtain the money necessary by assigning an interest in the inven- 
tion, or an exclusive right in part of the United States, to the person fur- 
nishing the money. Such a person is to be looked for among the inventor's 
friends, or among manufacturers of the class of goods to which the inven- 
tion pertains. A favorable report as to patentable novelty (see "Pre- 
liminary Examination," page 4) may be of great assistance in in- 
ducing some person to furnish the capital. 

We do not prosecute cases for an interest in tlie patent, 

since we are not in a position to make practical use of inventions. Offers 
to this end must be uniformly declined. 

A list of manufacturers interested in the particular line or class 
to which the invention belongs, will, if desired, be furnished free to all 
applicants who apply through us, or whose patents are secured through 
our agency. 

We will advertise for sale, free of charge, in The National Tri- 
bune, the great Washington weekly (one insertion), any patent secured 
through our agency, if desired. The Tribune has a national circulation of 
nearly 100,000 per week. 

SALE OF PATENTS. 

Manufacturers and others are vitally interested in securing by 
purchase patents for meritorious inventions. The successi of their indus- 
tries depends upon their keeping abreast of the times, and as a rule an 
enterprising manufacturer desires to keep ahead of his competitors by 
adopting new methods or processes, or by producing new articles of man- 
ufacture. The annual reports of the Commissioner of Patents show a 
constantly increasing number of patents issued. It is safe to say that 
over 20,000 patents are sold yearly by the inventors, and the indications 
are that there is a good and increasing market for meritorious inventions 
of all kinds, even thougfh they mark but a slight improvement in the arts 
to which they relate. 

We will aid our clients who desire to sell their patents, or rights 
thereunder, to bring their inventions directly to the attention of manufac- 
turers and othei-s who may be interested. 

RULES OF PRACTICE OF U. S. PATENT OFFICE. 

The rules of practice of the Patent Office are based upon the statutory 
law governing the granting of patents, and set out very fully the official 



10 MILO B. STEVENS A CO. 

requirements with respect to the transaction of business before the Patent 
Office. In the matter following the rules are freely quoted as being the 
best evidence of what is necessary to do or to avoid doing in any matter 
coming within the purview of the Commissioner of Patents. 

CORRESPONBSNCE. 

Rule 1. "All business with the office should be transacted in writing. 
Unless by the consent of all parties, the action of the office will be based 
exclusively on the written record. No attention will be paid to any alleged 
oral promise, stipulation, or understanding in relation to which there is a 
disagreement or doubt." 

Rule 4. ''The personal attendance of applicants at the Patent 
Office is nnneeessary. Their business can be transacted by corre- 
spondence." 

Rule 5. "The assignee of the entire interest of an invention is entitled 
to hold correspondence with the office to the exclusion of the inventor." 

Rule 7. "When an attorney shall have filed his power of attorney, duly 
executed, the correspondence will be held with him." 

Rule 8. "A double correspondence with the inventor and an assigneqj 
or with a principal and his attorney, or with two attorneys, can not gerf 
erally be allowed." 

The following extracts from the official rules of practice in the U. S. 
Patent Office contain matters not included in the foregoing and may be of 
information and interest to inventors: 

ATTORNEYS. 

Rule 14. "The Office can not respond to inquiries as to the 

novelty of an alleged invention in advance of the filing of an application 
for a patent, nor to inquiries propounded xvith a view to ascertain- 
ing whether any alleged improvements have been patented, and, 
if so, to w^hom; nor can it act as an expounder of the patent law, nor as 
counsellor for individuals, except as to questions arising within the office. 

"Of the propriety of making an application for a patent, the inventor 
must judge for himself. The office is open to him, and its records and 
models pertaining to all patents granted may be inspected either by him- 
self or by any attorney or expert he may call to his aid, and its reports are 
widely distributed. Further than this the office can render him no as- 
sistance until his case comes regularly before it in the manner prescribed 
by law." (Rev. Stat., Sees. 475, 481, 484, 4883.) 

Rule 17. *'An applicant or an assignee of the entire interest 
may prosecute his own case, but he is advised, unless familiar "with 
such matters, to employ a competent attorney, as the value of 
patents depends largely upon the skillful preparation of the specification 
and claims. The office can not aid in the selection of an attorney,"' 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 11 

Kule 23. "Inasmuch as applications can not be esantined out 
of their regular order, except in accordance with, the provisions of Rule 
63, and members of Congress can neither examine nor act in 
patent cases xrithout xvritten po°w^ers of attorney, applicants are 
advised not to impose upon Senators or Representatives labor which will 
consume their time without any advantageous results." 

The true value of a patent depends upon the manner in which the 
claims are drawn and worded. Many patents are so drawn by incompetent 
persons, or persons who are not legally capable of drawing claims, that 
the patent affords little, if any, protection to the inventor; in fact, often 
losing to the inventor the protection to which he is entitled. It is as neces- 
sary to have a patent carefully drawn as it is to have properly drawn the 
deed to a piece of property, so that if your invention is new, the claim will 
not only cover what you have made but various modifications and changes 
in form. A patent covers only what is claimed. The proper wording of 
the claims is a work of extreme difficulty, and no inventor is justified in 
placing his case in tTie hands of any person not having the requisite legal 
and technical skill. Walker, in his Treatise on Patents, says: 

"Writing a claim for a patent may require as many points of informa- 
tion and powers of mind as can ever be required for any prose writing of 
similar length. More than half the chapters of this book contain such 
points of information, but neither this nor any other law book can embody 
all that the penner of such a claim requires to know." 

VTashington attorneys are usually best situated to serve the inter- 
ests of inventors to the fullest advantage. Most attorneys at a distance 
from the Capital rely upon Washington correspondents or associates for 
important portions of the work of preparing and conducting the case. 

Our Western branches, at Chicago, Cleveland and Detroit, will 
afford many having business before the Patent Office the advantage of con- 
ferring in person with our representatives who will attend to the matter 
through the main office at Washington. 

We are convinced that an attorney having a Washington office is pre- 
pared for better service than one not having the same, or than one who 
works through an associate here. This is one of the reasons why we main- 
tain our Washington office. And with respect to clients within reach of 
our Western offices, we 'have the combined advantage of an office here for 
work before the Office and a local office for personal consultation. 



nnmwTORS' privilege. 

The official xireekly list of patents issued may be inspected per- 
sonally, without charge, by inventors calling at any of our offices. The 
principal features of the drawings and most important claims of each 
patent are shown. 



12 MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

WHAT MAY BE PATENTED. 

Patents are obtaiuable under section 4886 Revised Statutes, which as 
amended by the act of March 3, 1897, taking effect January 1, 1898, pro- 
vides, 

"Any person who has invented or discovered any new and useful art, 
machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful 
improvements thereof, not known or used by others in this country before 
his invention or discovery thereof, and not patented or described in 
any printed publication in this or any foreign country before his invention 
or discovery thereof, or more than two years prior to his applica- 
tion, and not in public use or on sale in this country for more than two 
years prior to his application, unless the same is proved to have been 
abandoned, may, upon payment of the fees required by law and other due 
proceedings had, obtain a patent therefor." 

The term of a patent: "Every patent shall contain * * * jj 
grant to the patentee, his heirs or assigns, for the term of seventeen 
years, of the exclusive right to make, use and vend the invention through- 
out the United States and the Territories thereof, referring to the speci- 
acatiou for the particulars thereof. A copy of the specification and draw- 
ing shall be annexed to the patent and be a part thereof." Rev. Stat., Sec. 
4884. 

Conceiving the idea of an improvement or new device, etc., is of no 
avail unless the scheme is reduced to tangible foiim by model, sketch, draft, 
or otherwise in advance of another person conceiving the same or a similar 
idea. Nor can an inventor safely allow his invention to lie in an incomplete 
state; he must use all due diligence to complete and perfect his invention. 

A prior similar device of another person, temporarily in use, would 
not be regarded as an anticipatory invention if it is shown to have been 
abandoned under circumstances indicating that it was no more fhau an 
abortive and unsuccessful experiment. 

Experimental use of an invention, either by the inventor or others at 
his request, with a view to testing and perfecting the device or improve- 
ment, does not impair the rights of the inventor to a patent. More than this 
before application for patent may be construed as a donation of the inven- 
tion to the public and a patent refused. If after completion an invention 
becomes a successful experiment, yet the invention does not pass a'bsolutely 
from the domain of experiment until it has been actually used in public. 
If abandoned before such public use, it is an abandoned experiment and 
may be patented by a subsequent inventor. If abandoned after such 
public use, it becomes the property of the public and cannot be patented. 
If forgotten either before or after such public use, it may be reinvented 
and patented by a sulbsequent inventor. 

A change of an old device is patentable, even though simple, if it 
is effective in producing a new and useful result. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 13 

A novel combination of old devices or instrumentalities, producing 
a new and useful result, is a patentatjle invention. 

All nses and advantages belonging to an invention fall to the in- 
ventor, even tJiough he failed to perceive or state advantages discovered by 
others; for the discovery of a new use for an old machine is not patentable. 

Mere substitution of a material or of a mechanical equivalent is not 
patentable, unless the result is an improvement. 

The term "useful" in the patent law is to be understood as in con- 
tradistinction to mischievous. 

A principle, function, or abstract effect cannot be patented. 

Separate patents must be procured for separate inventions. 

Rule 41. "Two or more independent inventions cannot be claimed in 
one application; but where several distinct inventions are dependent upon 
each other and mutually contribute to produce a single result they may be 
claimed in one application. 

This rule should be remembered by inventors. Division of an applica- 
tion held to cover more than one invention, or restriction to a single inven- 
tion is frequently required by the Patent Office before the application will 
be considered. It is therefore often necessary to file several applications 
to cover the whole invention, where it consists of several parts any one of 
which may be used independently. 

Knowledge or use in foreign countries: Rule 27. "If it appear 
that the inventor, at the time of making his application, believed himself to 
be the first inventor or discoverer, a patent will not be refused on account 
of the invention or discovery, or any part thereof, having been known or 
used in any foreign country before his invention or discovery thereof, if it 
had not been before patented or described in any printed publication." 
(Rev. Stat., Sec. 4887.) 

DESIGN PATENTS. 

Design Patents are obtainable under section 4929, Revised Statutes, 
as amended by Act of May 9, 1902, which provides: 

"Any person who has invented any new, original and ornamental design 
for an article of manufacture, not known or used by others in this country 
before his invention thereof and not patented or described in any printed 
publication in this or any foreign country before his invention thereof, or 
more than two years prior to his application, and not in public use or on 
sale in this country for more than two years prior to his application, un- 



14 MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

less the same is proved to have been abandoned, may, upon payment of 
the fees required by law and other due proceedings had, the same as in 
cases of inventions or discoveries covered by section forty-eight hundred and 
eighty-six, obtain a patent therefor." 

The object of design patents is the emcouragement of the arts of 
decoration rather than the invention of useful products; but by section 
4933, Revised Statutes, all the regulations and provisions which apply to 
obtaining or protecting patents for inventions or discoveries are made 
applicable to design patents so far as consistent therewith. 

A design patent will cover not only the exact form or configuration 
prescribed by the patent, but also those which have so close a resemblance 
as to seem identical to the ordinary observer. The owner of a design 
patent may not be defrauded of his rights by an unscrupulous imitation 
varying from the genuine only in some immaterial points. 

The term of design patents is three and one-half years, seven 
years, or fourteen years, as the applicant may, in his application, elect. 
(Rev. Stat., Sec. 4931.) 

Having elected, he cannot change or extend the term. 

CAVEATS. 

Rule 183. "A caveat, under the patent law, is a notice given to the 
Patent Office of the caveator's claim as inventor, in order to prevent the 
grant of a patent to another person for the same alleged invention upon an 
application filed during the life of the caveat without notice to the cav- 
eator." 

Rule 184. "Any citizen of the United States who has made a new in- 
vention or discovery and desires further time to mature the same may, on 
payment of a fee of ten dollars, file in the Patent OflSce a caveat setting 
forth the object and the distinguishing characteristics of the invention, and 
praying protection of his right until he shall have matured his invention. 
Such caveat shall be filed in the confidential archives of the office and pre- 
served in secrecy and shall be operative for the term of one year from the 
filing thereof." (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4902.) 

Rule 185. "The caveat may be renewed, on request in writing, by the 
payment of a second caveat fee of ten dollars, and it will continue in 
force for one year from the date of the payment of such second fee. Sub- 
sequent renewals may be made with like effect. If a caveat be not renewed, 
it will still be preserved in the secret archives of the office." 

Rule 186. "An alien has the same privilege, if lie has resided in the 
United States one year next preceding the filing of his caveat, and has made 
oath of his intention to become a citizen." (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4902.) 

Rule 191. "If at any time within one year after the filing or renewal 
of a caveat another person shall file an application for an invention which 
■would in any manner interfere with the invention set forth in such caveat, 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 16 

then such application will be suspended and notice thereof will be sent to 
the person filing the caveat. (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4902.) 

"If the caveator shall file a complete application within the time pre- 
scribed, and if the invention be found patentable, he will be entitled to an 
interference with the previous application, for the purpose of proving pri- 
ority of invention and obtaining the patent if he be adjudged the prior 
inventor. The caveator, if he would avail himself of his caveat, must file 
his application within three months from the expiration of the time regu- 
larly required for the transmission to him of the notice deposited in the post 
office at Washington. The day on which the time for filing expires will be 
mentioned in the notice or indorsement thereon." 

Rule 192. "The caveator will not be entitled to notice of any appli- 
cation pending at the time of filing his caveat, nor of any application filed 
after the expiration of one year from the date of the filing or renewal 
thereof." 

Rule 193. "A caveat confers no rights and affords no protection ex- 
cept as to notice of an interfering application filed during its life, giving the 
caveator the opportunity of proving priority of invention if he so desires. 
It may be used as evidence in contests, as provided in Rule 154." 

Rule 194. "There is no provision of law making the caveat assign- 
able, although the alleged invention therein set forth is assignable, and the 
caveat may be used as means of identifying the invention transferred in an 
assignment." 

GOVEBNMBNT FEESw 

Rule 203. "Nearly all the fees payable to the Patent Office are posi- 
tively required by law to be paid in advance — that is, upon making appli- 
cation for any action by the office for which a fee is paya^ble. For the 
sake of uniformity and convenience the remaining fees will be required to 
be paid in the same manner." (Rer, Stat., Sec. 4893.) 
On filing each original or new at/t»Iication for patent (except design 

patent) $15 

On allowance of eacb original or new application for patent (except de- 
sign patents 20 

On filing each original or new application for design patent, for 3^ 

years 10 

On filing each original or new application for design patent, for seven 

years 15 

On filing each original or new application for design patent, for 14 

years , 30 

On filing or renewing a caveat 10 

On filing an application for reissue of a patent 30 

On filing an appeal to the Board of Examiners-in-Chief 10 

On filing an appeal to the Commissioner in person 20 



16 MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

On filing an application for registration or renewal of a trade-mark. . . . $10 

On filing an application for registration of a labed or print 6 

On filing an application for copyright 1 

On recording an assignment, from $1 to $3. 

MODELS, ETC. 

Rule 56. "A model will only be required or admitted as a part of the 
application when on examination of the case in its regular order the primary 
examiner shall find it to be necessary or useful. In such case, if a model 
has not been furnisihed, the examiner shall notify the applicant of such 
requirement, which will constitute an oflScial action in the case." 

Models of designs are not required when the design can be suffi- 
ciently represented by a drawing. 

A rough model of an invention for our information in making the 
fiearcii and preparing the case, will often be found useful, and if the in- 
ventor have a model it should be sent to us, preferably when the search ia 
ordered. But if the invention can be shown by rough drawings and a 
written explanation, a model need not be made nor sent. The material of 
wihich a model for our information is made is of no importance, the only 
purpose being to convey the idea. 

The inventor's name and address should be securely pasted or 
otherwise securely fixed to the model, whether sent for the information of 
the Patent Office or for the attorney alone. 

THE DRAWINGS. 

Rule 49. "The applicant for a patent is required by law to furnish a 
drawing of his invention whenever the nature of the case admits of it." 
(Rev. Stat., Sec. 4889.) 

Rule 55. "Applicants are advised to employ competent artists to make 
their drawings." 

The official draxi^ngs so required are so defined and restricted by 
official regulation that only draftsmen thoroughly familiar and skilled in 
the preparation of Patent Office drawings can be relied on to properly and 
fully meet the official requirements. 

One sheet of drawings is usually required to be filed with each ap- 
plication for patent, design patent, caveat, reissue, renewal of abandoned or 
rejected application, trade-mark, etc. Additional sheets may be required 
by the nature of the invention to properly illustrate it. 

We attend to the preparation of the drawings required in all cases filed 
through us. Owing to the strict technical requirements as to the drawing, 
it is necessary to have them made by some one experienced in making 
drawings for tihe Patent Office, Otherwise much time and money may be 
wasted. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 17 

SPECIMENS. 

Rule 62. "When the invention or discovery is a composition of matter, 
the applicant, if required by the Commissioner, shall furnish specimens 
of the composition, and of its ingredients, sufficient in quantity for the pur- 
pose of experiment. In all cases where the aiticle is not perishable, a speci- 
men of the composition claimed, put up in proper form to be preserved by 
the office, must be furnished. (Rules 56, 60 and 61 apply to specimens 
also.)" (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4890.) 

SECRECY IN PATENT OFFICEw 

Rule 15. "Caveats and pending applications are preserved in 
secrecy. No information will be given, without authority, respecting the 
filing by any particular person of a caveat or of an application for a patent 
or for the reissue of a patent, the pendency of any particular case before 
tihe office, or the subject-matter of any particular application, unless it 
shall be necessary to the proper conduct of business before the office, as 
provided by Rules 97, 103 and 108," (concerning interferences). (Rev. Stat., 
Sec. 4902.) 

ISSUE. 

Rule 164. *'If, on examination, it shall appear that the applicant is 
justly entitled to a patent under the law, a notice of allowance will be sent 
him or his attorney, calling for the payment of the final fee within six 
months from the date of such notice of allowance, upon the receipt of 
which within the time fixed by law the patent will be prepared for issue." 
(Rev. Stat., Sees. 4885, 4893, 4897.) 

Rule 165. "After notice of the allowance of an application is given, 
the case will not be withdrawn from issue except by approval of the 
Commissioner, and if withdrawn for further action on the part of the office 
a new notice of allowance will be given. When the final fee has been paid 
upon an application for letters patent, and the case has received its date 
and number, it will not be withdrawn or suspended from issue on account 
of any mistake or change of purpose of the applicant or his attorney, nor 
for the purpose of enabling the inventor to procure a foreign patent, nor for 
any other reasons except mistake on the- part of the office, or because of 
fraud, or illegality in the application, or for interference." 

REISST7EI or PATENT. 

Rule 85. "A reissue is granted to the original patentee, his legal rep- 
resentatives, or the assignees of the entire interest, when the original patent 
is inoperative or invalid 'by reason of a defective or insufficient specification. 



18 MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

or by reason of the patentee claiming as his invention or discovery more than 
he had a right to claim as new, provided the error has arisen through inad- 
vertence, accident, or mistake, and without any fraudulent or deceptive 
intention. (Rev. Stat., Sees. 4895, 4916.) 

"Reissue applications must be made and the specifications sworn to 
by the inventors, if they be living." 

No new matter can be introduced in reissue specifications, and if 
improvements are to be protected, regular application for patents thereon 
must be made. 

Tlie period of protection under the reissue is not extended beyond 
the date when the original patent would have expired, the reissue dating 
from the date of the original issue. 

EXTENSION or PATENT. 

The extension of tlie period of protection of a patent or design 
patent is possible only by authority of a special act of Congress in the 
particular ease, a discrimination extremely difficult to secure. 

The better method of extension is 'by improvement of the original 
invention and securing of new patents on the improvements. 

INTERFERENOBS. 

Rule 93. "An interference is a proceeding instituted for the purpose 
of determining the question of priority of invention between two or more 
parties claiming substantially the same patentable invention. The fact 
that one of the parties has already obtained a patent will not prevent an 
interference, for, although the Commissioner has no power to cancel a 
pateoat, he may grant another patent for the same invention to a person 
who proves to be the prior inventor." (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4904.) 

Rule 146. "In interference cases parties have the same remedy by 
appeal to the examiners-in-chief, to the Com'missioner, and to the Court of 
Appeals of the District of Columbia, as in ex parte cases." (Rev. Stat., Sees. 
4904, 4909, 4910, 4911.) (Sec. 9, act of Feb. 9, 1893.) 

RENEWAL OF ABANDONED APPLICATION. 

Rule 77. "If an applicant neglect to prosecute his application for 
one year after the date when the last official notice of any action by the 
olBce was mailed to him. the application will be held to be abandoned, as 
set forth in Rule 171." (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4894.) 

Rule 171. "An abandoned application is one which has not been 
completed and prepared for examination within one year after the filing of 
the petition, or which the applicant has failed to prosecute within one year 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 19 

after any action therein of whicli notice has been duly given, or which the 
applicant has expressly abandoned by filing in the office a written declara- 
tion of abandonment, signed by himself and assignee, if any, identifying 
his application by title of invention, serial number, and date of filing. 
(Rev. Stat., Sec. 4894.) 

"Prosecution of an application to save it from abandonment must in- 
clude such proper action as the condition of the case may require. The ad- 
mission of an amendment not responsive to the last official action, or refusal 
to admit the same, and any proceedings relative thereto, shall not operate 
to save the application from abandonment under section 4894 of the Re- 
vised Statutes." 

Rule 172. "Before an application abandoned by failure to complete 
or prosecute can be revived as a pending application, it must be shown to 
the satisfaction of the Commissioner that the delay in the prosecution of 
the same was unavoidahle." (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4894.) 

Rule 173. "When a new application is filed in place of an abandoned 
or rejected application, a new specification, oath, drawing, and fee will be 
required; but the old model, if suitable, may be used." 

A new application should be filed if the delay in prosecution is 
regarded as not unavoidable; provided that the invention has not been in 
public use or on sale for more than two years. 

miNEWAL OF FORFEITED APPLICATION. 

Rule 174. "A forfeited application is one upon which a patent has 
been withheld for failure to pay the final fee within the prescribed time." 

Rule 175. "When the patent has been withheld by reason of nonpay- 
ment of the final fee, any person, whether inventor or assignee, who has an 
interest in the invention for which such patent was ordered to issue may 
file a renewal of the application for the same invention; but such second 
application must be made within two years after the allowance of the 
original application. Upon the hearing of such new application abandon- 
ment will be considered as a question of fact." (Rev. Stat, Sec. 4897.) 

Rule 176. "In such renewal the oath, petition, specification, drawing, 
and model of the original application may be used for \!he second applica- 
tion; but a new fee will be required. The second application will not be re- 
garded for all purposes as a continuation of the original one, but must bear 
date from the time of renewal and be subject to examination like an 
original application." 

REJECTEH CASES. 

Imperfect or incomplete specifications often result in the rejec- 
tion of applications. Lack of skill in other respects may also result in re- 
jection. 



20 MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

A mere matter of opinion may be the cause of the rejection, as the 
judgment of the examiners and officers of the Patent Office is not infal- 
lible, however skilled. 

Further prosecution of the matter may be warranted under any of 
the above circumstances, by various courses of procedure familiar to prac- 
titioners before the Patent Office. 

APPEALS. 

After rejection by the Primary Examiner, an appeal may be taken 
to the Board of Examiners-in-Chief. 

Tlie Commissioner of Patents in person may be appealed to from 
the adverse decision of the Board of Examiners-in-Chief. 

Tlie Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia considers 
appeals from the adverse personal decision of the Commissioner of Patents. 

Following are Patent Office rules pertaining thereto: 

Rule 133. "Every applicant for a patent, any of the claims of whose 
application have 'been twice rejected for the same reasons, upon grounds 
involving the merits of the invention, such as lack of invention, novelty, 
or utility, or on the ground of abandonment, public use or sale, inoperative- 
ness of invention, aggregation of elements, incomplete com'bination of ele- 
ments, or, when amended, for want of identity with the invention originally 
disclosed, or because the amendment involves a departure from the inven- 
tion originally presented; and every applicant for the reissue of a patent 
whose claims have been twice rejected for any of the reasons a'bove 
enumerated, or on the ground that the original patent is not inoperative or 
invalid, or if so inoperative or invalid that the errors which rendered it so 
did not arise from inadvertence, accident, or mistake, may, upon payment 
of a fee of $10, appeal from the decision of the primary examiner to the 
examiners-in-chief. The appeal must set forth in writing the points of 
the decision upon which it is taken, and must be signed by the applicant 
or his duly authorized attorney or agent." (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4909.) 

Rule 140. "From the adverse decision of the Board of Examiners-in- 
Chief appeal may be taken to the Commissioner in person, upon payment 
of the fee of $20 required by law." (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4910.) 

Rule. 148. "From the adverse decision of the Commissioner upon the 
claims of an application and in interference cases, an appeal may be taken 
to the Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia in the manner pre- 
scribed by the rules of that court." (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4911; Sec. 9, act Feb. 
9, 1893.) 

Rule 150. *'Pro forma proceedings will not be had in the Patent Office 
for the purpose of securing to applicants an appeal to the Court of Appeals 
of the District of Columbia." 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 21 

FOREIGN PATENTS. 

Foreign patents should be applied for before the Issue of the U, S. 
patent, although in those countries which are members of the International 
Union a patent may be applied for within one year after the filing of the 
U. S. application ; or in Canada and a few other countries, within one 
year after the issue of the U. S. patent. 

The six months allowed by law for payment of final U. S. fee, after 
allowance of application, gives sufBcient time for the preparation and filing 
of foreign applications before the issue of U. S. patent. 

The period of protection under foreign patents ranges from seven 
years, in the Bahama Islands and Barbadoes, to twenty years, in Spain 
and Belgium, the terms elsef^^here being generally fifteen years. 

The cost of foreign patents varies considerably and will be stated 
particularly upon inquiry as to any country or countries. 

Effect of foreign patents on IT. S. application: The receipt of 
letters patent from a foreign government will not prevent the inventor from 
Obtaining a patent in the United States, unless the application on which 
the foreign patent was granted was filed more than twelve months prior to 
the filing of the application in this country, in which case no patent will 
be granted in this country. (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4887.) 

ASSIGNMENTS. 

Rule 196. "Every patent or any interest therein shall be assignable 
by law by an instrument in writing; and the patentee or his assigns or 
legal representatives may, in like manner, grant and convey an exclusive 
right under the patent to the whole or any specified part of the United 
States." (Rev. Stat, Sec. 4898.) 

Rule 198. "An assignment, grant, or conveyance of a patent will be 
void as against any subsequent purchaser or mortgagee for a valuable 
consideration without notice unless recorded in the Patent Office within 
three months from the date thereof." (Rev. Stat, Sec. 4898.) 

Rule 26. "In case of an assignment of the whole interest in the in- 
vention, or of the whole interest in the patent to be granted, the patent 
will, upon request of the applicant embodied in the assignment, issue to the 
assignee; and if the assignee hold an undivided part interest, the patent 
will, upon like request, issue jointly to the inventor and the assignee; 
but the assignment in either case must first have been entered of record, 
and at a day not later than the date of the payment of the final fee; and if 
it be dated subsequently to the execution of the application, it must give 
the date of execution of the application, or the date of filing, or the serial 
number, so that there can be no mistake as to the particular invention in- 
tended. The application and oath must be signed by the actual inventor. 



22 MILO B. Si'EVENS & CO., 

if alive, even if the patent is to issue to an assignee; if the inventor be 
dead, the application may be made by the executor or administrator." (Rev. 
Stat., Sec. 4895.) 

Rule 2^, "Joint inventors are entitled to a joint patent; neither of 
them can obtain a patent for an invention jointly invented by them. Inde- 
pendent inventors of distinct and independent improvements in the same 
machine can not obtain a joint patent for their separate inventions. The fact 
that one person furnishes the capital and another makes the invention does 
not entitle them to make an application as joint inventors; but in such case 
they may become joint patentees, upon the conditions prescribed in 
Rule 26." 

Licenses and shop-riglits, which are not exclusive, need not be 
recorded. 

We prepare and record assignments, licenses, etc. 

PATENT OR TRADE-MARK. 
How Soon Secured. 

Rule 63. "Applications filed in the Patent Office are classified ac- 
cording to the various arts, and are taken up for examination in regular 
order of filing, those in the same class of invention being examined and 
disposed of, as far as practicable, in the order in which the respective 
'applications are completed." 

The time necessary to secure allowance of a patent or trade-mark 
application is often very short — from one to four months — but some of the 
divisions of the Patent Office are so far behind in their work that a longer 
time is required. We consider time of minor importance as compared to 
a broad and valid patent. The broader claims naturally meet the most 
objection in the Patent Office. It is not well to sacrifice broad claims to 
secure an allowance in a shorter time. As the final Government fee 
need not be paid till six months after the granting of the patent, the actual 
issue may be deferred for that period after the right to patent is ascertained. 

DECEASED OR INSANE INVENTORS. 

Rule 25. "In case of the death of the inventor the application will be 
made by and the patent will issue to his executor or administrator. In 
such case the oath required by Rule 46 will be made by the executor or ad- 
ministrator. In case of the death of the inventor during the time interven- 
ing between the filing of his application and the granting of a patent 
thereon, the letters patent will issue to the executor or administrator upon 
proper intervention by him. (Rev. Stat., Sec. 4896.) 

"In case an inventor becomes insane, the application may be made by 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 23 

and the patent issued to his legally appointed guardian, conservator, or repre- 
sentative, who will make the oath required by Rule 46." (Act of February 28, 
1899.) 

PORTO RICO, GUAM AND THE PHILIPPINES. 

The protection of patents, trade-marks, labels and prints, 
duly issued under United States laws, is by an order of the War Depart- 
ment, dated April 11, 1899, extended to all territory acquired from Spain 
or under American military control. 

Registration is necessary, a proper certificate being required to be 
filed with the Governor-General of the respective provinces. 

Our fee for each certificate is $5, including all Patent Office fees. 

TRADE-MARKS. 

Registration of trade-marks is provided for by the recent act of 
February 20, 1905, in force from and after April 1, 1905, and superseding 
the former laws on the subject. The most important feature of the new 
act is the providing of effectual protection for trade-marks used in commerce 
"among the several States" — which includes the territories and all U. S. 
possessions beyond seas. Under former laws no enforceable protection was 
provided save for marks actually used in commerce with "foreign nations or 
Indian tribes." 

Tke main provisions of the ne-w act are substantially as follows : 

The owner of any trade-mark used in commerce with foreign nations, 
or among the several States, or with Indian tribes, may obtain registration 
by making proper application to the Commissioner of Patents. A foreign 
applicant must reside or be located in a foreign country which affords similar 
privileges to citizens of the United States, and must designate some person 
or agent resident in the United States, on whom process or notice of pro- 
ceedings affecting the trade-mark may be served. 

Registration -will "be refused if a mark consists of or comprises 
immoral or scandalous matter ; or comprises the flag or coat of arms of 
the United States, or any similation thereof, or of any State, municipality, 
or foreign nation ; or the emblem of any fraternal society ; or the red 
cross of the National Red Cross ; or is "identical with a registered or 
known trade-mark owned and in use by another and appropriated to 
merchandise of the same descriptive qualities, as to be likely to cause 
confusion or mistake in the mind of the public, or to deceive purchasers ;" 
or consists merely in the name of an individual, firm, or corporation, not 
written, printed, impressed or woven in some particular or distinctive 
manner, or in association with a portrait of the individual ; or is "descrip- 
tive of the goods on which the mark is to be used, or of the character or 
quality of such goods ;" or is "merely a geographical name or term." 
Also, a portrait of a living person can not be registered except with his 
consent. 

An establisked trade-mark of any kind can be registered, if in 
actual and exclusive use as a trade-mark by the applicant or his predecessors 



24 MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

for ten years or more previous to February 20, 1905. In other words, all 
exclusive marks at least ten years old on February 20, 1905, can be regis- 
tered, notwithstanding they may be subject to some of the objections indi- 
cated above. This will permit the registration of many established marks 
which it has heretofore been impossible to register because they are descrip- 
tive, or geographical, or otherwise objectionable. 

Opposition to registration of any trade-mark ; cancellation of such 
registration ; and the determination of interferences involving the question 
of prior right, whether between different applicants for registration of the 
same or similar marks, or between an applicant and a prior registrant, are 
provided for by the new act. ^ 

Assignments of trade-marks may be made in connection with the good 
wnll of a business. Unless recorded in the Patent Office within three months 
from date thereof an assignment is void against a subsequent purchaser for 
value without notice of the prior assignment. 

The term of trade-mark registration is twenty years, renewable for 
a like period as often as desired. 

The protection or rights afiPorded by the registration of trade- 
mark are specified in the law as follows : 

"Sec. 10. That the registration of a trade-mark under the provisions 
of tnis Act shall be prima facie evidence of ownei*ship. Any person who 
shall, without the consent of the owner thereof, reproduce, counterfeit, copy, 
^r colorably imitate any such trade-mark and affix the same to merchandise 
of substantially the same descriptive properties as those set forth in the 
registration, or to labels, signs, prints, packages, wrappers, or receptacles 
intended to be used upon or in connection with the sale of merchandise of 
substantially the same descriptive properties as those set forth in such 
registration, and shall use, or shall have used, such reproduction, counter- 
feit, copy, or colorable imitation in commerce among the several States, or 
with a foreign nation, or with the Indian tribes, shall be liable to an action 
for damages therefor at the suit of the owner thereof; and whenever in any 
such action a verdict is rendered for the plaintiff, the court may enter judg- 
ment therein for any sum above the amount found by the A^erdict as the 
actual damages, according to the circumstances of the case, not exceediflg 
three times the amount of such verdict, together with the costs." 

* ***** 

"Sec. 19. That the several courts vested with jurisdiction of cases 
arising under the present Act shall have power to grant injunctions, ac- 
cording to the course and principles of equity, to prevent the violation of 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 25 

any right of the owner of a trade-mark registered under this Act, on such 
terms as the court may deem reasonable ; and upon a decree being rendered 
in any such case for wrongful use of a trade-mark the complainant shall be 
entitled to recover, in addition to the profits to be accounted for by the 
defendant, the damages the complainant has sustained thereby, and the court 
shall assess the same or cause the same to be assessed under its direction. 
The court shall have the same power to increase such damages, in its dis- 
cretion, as is given by section sixteen of this Act for increasing damages 
found by verdict in actions of law ; and in assessing profits the plaintiff shall 
be required to prove the defendant's sales only ; defendant must prove all 
elements of cost which are claimed." 

"Sec. 20. That in any case involving the right to a trade-mark regis- 
tered in accordance with the provisions of this Act, in which the verdict 
has been found for the plaintiff, or an injunction issued, the court may 
order that all labels, signs, prints, packages, wrappers, or receptacles in 
the posession of the defendant, bearing the trade-mark of the plaintiff or 
complainant, or any reproduction, counterfeit, copy, or colorable imitation 
thereof, shall be delivered up and destroyed. Any injunction that may be 
granted upon hearing, after notice to the defendant, to prevent the violation 
of any right of the owner of a trade-mark registered in accordance with the 
provisions of this Act, 'by any circuit court of the United States, or by a 
judge thereof, may be served on the parties against whom such injunction 
may be granted anywhere in the United States where they may be found, 
and shall be operative, and may be enforced by proceedings to punish for 
contempt, or otherwise by the court by which such injunction was granted, 
or by any other circuit court, or judge thereof, in the United States, or by 
the supreme court of the District of Columibia, or a judge thereof. The said 
courts, or judges thereof, shall have jurisdiction to enforce said injunction, 
as herein provided, as fully as if the injunction had been granted by the 
circuit court in which it is sought to be enforced. The clerk of the court 
or judge granting the injunction shall, w^hen required to do so by the court 
before which application to enforce said injunction is made, transfer without 
delay to said court a certified copy of all the papers on which the said in- 
junction was granted that are on file in his office." 

Drawings are required to accompany an application for trade-mark. 
The form and execution of the drawings are governed by strict rules, and 
must show a facsimile of the mark. We attend to the preparation of the 
drawings when application is made through us. 

A trade-mark entitled to registration may constitute any non- 
descriptive word or words, symbol, picture, figure, sign, autograph, mono- 
gram, or a combination of any or all of these. It need not be new or orig- 
inal, but it must be new to the purpose to which it is to be applied. "Eureka 
Siioes" would not be an infringement on "Eureka Tobacco." 

A descriptive word cannot be registered, that is, a. word which de- 



26 MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

notes the composition, quality, or attributes of goods can not be exclusively 
appropriated. Thus "Fine Cut," as applied to tobacco, could not be regis- 
tered, because it is descriptive, and any one making fine-cut tobacco is en- 
titled to so describe the same. 

A geograpliical word, denoting origin of the goods, can not be regis- 
tered. For example, no one could acquire the exclusive right to the word 
"Minnesota" for flour. All residents of Minnesota have that privilege. 

A mere name of a person cannot be registered, because, generally 
speaking, every person has a right to the use of his own name on goods 
manufactured by him. But his autograph is distinctive and individual, 
and can be registered as a trade-mark. 

Persons intending to adopt a trade-mark are advised to adopt some 
ar^bitrary or fanciful word or sign, meaningless as applied to the article. 
Thus "Dove," as applied to hams, is a good trade-mark, as it is entirely 
arbitrary and meaningless. 

Medical compounds are usually protected by trade^marks of late 
years, it being practically impossible to secure a patent on this class of 
compounds. Indeed a trade-mark affords the better protection for com- 
pounds, compositions and preparations in many instances, as the ingre- 
dients and proportions or method of preparation need not be revealed to 
obtain the trade-mark registration. 

Foreign registration of trade-marks may be secured in all countries 
with which the United States has treaties. 

We will advise, free of charge, whether any particular trade-mark is 
a proper subject for registration. 

Trade-marks heretofore registered under the old law should be 
again registered under the new act, because of additional rights and remedies 
provided by the new law and applicable only to trade-marks registered there- 
under after March 31, 1905. The protection extends to interstate commerce, 
instead of foreign commerce as heretofore, and the rights are so enlarged 
and means for enforcing the trade-mark so improved that the small expendi- 
ture required is fully warranted. 

LABELS AND PRINTS. 

A label is "an artistic representation or intellectual production im- 
pressed or stamped directly upon articles of manufacture, or upon any slip 
or piece of paper or other material, to be attached in any manner to manu- 
factured articles, or to bottles, boxes, and packages containing them, to 
indicate the contents of the package, the name of the manufacturer, or 
the place of manufacture, the quality of goods, directions for use, etc." 
(Patent Ofiice Rule.) 

A print is "an artistic representation or intellectual production not 
borne by the article of manufacture or vendable commodity, but in some 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 27 

fashion pertaining thereto — such, for instance, as an advertisement 
thereof." (Patent Office Rule.) 

Labels and prints, to be entitled to registration, must be artistic 
in nature or design, and not mere typesetters' skill. Fancy labels used 
on cigar boxes, and pictures or posters used in advertising, are examples 
of registrable labels and prints. Such labels and prints are registrable in 
the Patent Office under the act of June 18, 1874, — the Copyright Law. 

COPYRIGHTS. 

A copyright may be secured by the author, designer, or proprietor of 
any book, map, chart, dramatic or musical composition, engraving, cut, 
print or photograph or negative thereof, painting, drawing, chromo, stat- 
uary, model or design, as a work of fine art. 

Following is a list of articles which are not subject to copyright 
registration : 

Account books, 

Advertising devices and novelties, 

Albums, 

Articles of manufacture. 

Badges, buttons and medals. 

Blank agreements. 

Blank books. 

Blank cards, 

Blank forms, 

Book covers, 

Bonds, 

Borders, 

Business names. 

Cards (playing). 

Cards (score), 

Catchwords, 

Coined words or names, 

Coupons, or coupons systems, 

Emblems, 

"Endless chains," 

Engravings of manufactured articles, 

Fancy articles. 

Fans, 

Flags, 

Form of words. 

Games and puzzles, (although the instructions for playing the same 
may be). 

Letter heads, 



28 MILO B. STEVEN'S & CO., 

Manufactured articles, 

Mechanical devices, 

Medicines, 

Memorandum books, 

Mere names, words, or phrases. 

Note headings, 

Ophthalmic test cards. 

Pads, 

Paper hangings. 

Paper weights, 

Pass books. 

Patterns, 

Pedigree blanks. 

Scrap books, 

Signs, 

Stamps, 

Stickers, 

Systems, • 

Tickets of any kind. 
Time books. 
Trade-marks, 
Words (coined). 
Words or phrases. 
Wrappers for articles to be sold. 

Copyrights are assignable by an instrument of writing, and must 
be recorded within 60 days after execution "in default of which it shall bt* 
void as against any subsequent purchaser or mortagee for a valuable con- 
sideration, without notice." (Rev. Stat,, Sec. 4955.) 

The period of protection by copyright is 28 years, renewable for 14 
more. 

MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

Attorneys. 
Established 1864. 

OFFICES : 
817 14th St. N. W., Washington, D. C. 
163 Randolph St., Chicago, 111. 
281 The Arcade. Cleveland, O. 
401 Whitney Bldg., Detroit, Mich. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 



Form of fee contract required in cases undertaken on the contingent 
plan. (See page 7.) 

INSTRUCTIONS. — The following contract for the contingent pay- 
ment of our fee should be signed by you, with one witness to your signature, 
and deposited in bank with the specified amount to our order, and have 
tlie bank notify us that the contract has been deposited with- 
out alteration, together -with the stipulated amount which will 
be held in the bank until the fee is payable. If you cannot con- 
veniently do this have the contract guaranteed by some other responsible 
person, who is known at some bank, and send it to us. 

TBE CONTRACT 

of 

with MILO B. STEVENS & CO., ATTORNEYS, OF WASHINGTON, 
CHICAGO, CLEVELAND AND DETROIT. 

BE IT KNOWN, That, in consideration of services rendered and to 
be rendered by MILO B. STEVENS & CO., of 

as attorneys in the preparation and prosecution of my application for 

on 

at the U. S. Patent Office. 

I HEREBY CONTRACT AND AGREE to pay said MILO B. 

STEVENS & CO., a fee of $ upon receipt of notice of 

allowance of my said application: Provided, however, That if their power of 
attorney be revoked by me or my assigns before the allowance of the appli- 
cation, then the above stipulated fee shall become immediately paya'ble to 
said STEVENS & CO., without reference to the official status of the appli- 
cation: And provided further, That it is understood that the above stipulated 
fee has reference only to the ordinary course of prosecution, and does not 
relate to extraordinary proceedings, such as appeals or interference con- 
tests, if any become necessary. 

WITNESS MY HAND this day of , 190. . 



Witness sign here. Inventor sign here. 



GUARANTY. 

I hereby guarantee the payment of the above stipulated fee. 

(Name) 

(Business) 

(Address) 

Dated , 190.. 



30 MILO B. STEVENS & CO. 

TESTTMOTnAIiS. 

We print below a few of the many testimonials w:e have received from 
satisfied clients: 

From H. H. Bonney, Pairmount, Minn.: "Your promptness, business- 
like actions and honesty through the whole transaction was very satisfac- 
tory and I would recommend those seeking to secure patents to employ you, 
as I shall do when I have more work of this kind." 

From George W. Brown, Jamestown, N. Y.: "You certainly handled my 
patent business in a very able manner and with dispatch. Anything I 
may have in the future in your line you shall attend to." 

From H. P. Coile, M. D., Knoxville, Tenn.: "I have received notice 
from the Patent Office of the allowance of my application for patent on 
Improvement in Bath Tubs and am very much pleased with the result. 
I take pleasure in expressing to you my appreciation of the manner in 
which you have handled my interest in the case." 

From J. A. Dale, Dalesville, Pa.: "It affords me great pleasure to say 
that your promptness in securing for me the United States and Canadian 
patents on my Improved Table Attachment for Chairs has been very sat- 
isfactory, and I commend your very thorough and efficient manner of con- 
ducting the patent business." 

From Wm. B. Estes, Danville, 111.: "For promptness and efficiency 
I highly recommend Milo B. Stevens & Co. to all inventors wanting quick 
and profitable results. This is my experience with -these gentlemen." 

From C. T. Mason, Sumter S. C: "It is with much pleasure that I can 
testify to the very satisfactory service rendered me by your company in the 
preparation and prosecution of my -patent case." 

From Carl R. Culley, Norwalk, Ohio: "I am very much pleased 
with the manner and promptness with which you secured my patents. I 
shall place all future business in your hands." 

From Samuel R. Ford, Mt. Sterling, Ind.: '"I have found you very 
thorough, persistent and faithful in the prosecution of my case before the 
Patent Office and I unhesitatingly recommend j^ou to all inventors." 

From McGaughey «S: Sheerer, Smith's Ferry, Pa.: "We desire to thank 
you for your energy and dispatch in securing our patent and would recom- 
mend you to any one seeking like service." 

Prom Knudt N. Knudtson, Beaver Creek, Minn.: "Your services in 
securing my patent on Music Leaf Turner gave me entire satisfaction as 
did also other business which you have done for me. I thank you for 
your promptness." 

Pi-om James H. Tann, Dayton, Ohio: "I thank you for the able man- 
ner in which you have prosecuted by patent case and the success which 
has attended your efforts in my behalf. I can and will gladly recommend 
you to those in need of your services." 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 31 

From C. R. Brock, Perry, Kans.: "I am well pleased with your work 
in the prosecution of my patent case." 

From Jason D. Timmerman, Stone Mils, N. Y.: "It has been a pleasure 
to do business with you. You have been prompt, thorough and very faith- 
ful in the prosecution of my case, and I unhesitatingly recommend you to 
all inventors desiring good work." 

From Coleman H. Wayman, Princeton, Mo.: "I was well pleased with 
your work in the prosecution of my patent case and shall have more busi- 
ness for you in the future." 

From C. S. Hillabrandt, Gloversville, N. Y.: "Your prompt and good 
work has been very satisfactory and I would recommend you to any per- 
son desiring to take out a patent or trade-mark." 

From J. H. Harris, Willow, Ark.: "Your prosecution of my patent 
case was entirely satisfactory." 

From Henry Mahler, Pender, Neb.: "I am well pleased with the first- 
class work you performed in securing my patent on Sulky Plow." 

From Jacob Vogt, Newburg, N. Y.: "I beg to acknowledge receipt 
of U. S. patent on Block Clamp and thank you for your careful attention 
to my case. Should I have any more to take out will call on you again." 

From John M. Pertz, Elwood, Ind.: "I have m^arked your professional 
advance with interest and commend you as capable and efficient attorneys 
in patent cases." 

From C. B. Robertson, Ottumwa, Iowa: "I am desirous of acknowl- 
edging my appreciation of the services you have rendered me in securing 
my patents and trust that I may be favored with your usual promptness 
and attention in future transactions," 

From Levi Scarbrough, Centralia, 111. : "I am well pleased with your 
work in securing my patent and am a thousand times obliged to you." 

From Theo. A. Sease, Milan, Kans.: "Am perfectly satisfied in every 
respect with your work and can cheerfully recommend you as honest and 
trustworthy." 

From C. K. Tuggle, Columbus, Ohio: "I find the patent you secured 
for me beyond my expectations and thank you for your prompt action. I 
assure you my work in the future." 

From John D. Witcher, Union Point, Ga.: "Am very much pleased 
with the result of your work in securing a patent on my Square, No. 
7342^0. I highly recommend you to inventors." 

From Fred S. Martin, Sioux City, Iowa: "I am very well satisfied 
with your services in my patent case." 

From C. L. Bobbins, Pekin, 111.: "I am in receipt of letters patent 
in U. S. and Canada and wish to thank you for your kindness and the 
gentlemanly course which you pursued in prosecuting my case. Your 
services have been perfectly satisfactory in every way. I expect to apply 
for another patent through your firm very soon." 



32 MILO B. STEVENS & CO., 

From John W. Hoskins, Oiinton, Tenn.: "I hereby certify that Milo 
B. Stevens & Co. obtained a patent for me in less than four weeks and 
I can honestly recommend them to all who anticipate securing a patent 
and their clients have no need to be afraid of delays or overcharge." 

From Richard Hunt, Mannington, Ky.: "I most heartily thank you for 
the loyalty and promptness which you exercised in securing my patent on 
Improved R. R. Tie. I can truly recommend your most faithful as- 
sistance." 

From H. E. Kreuter, Nickel Plate, Ind.: "I am certainly highly 
pleased with the time in which you succeeded in getting my patent and will 
not fail to recommend you to every one who mentions patent." 

From Andrew S. Lanum, Conneaut, Ohio: "I am well pleased with 
the way you transacted business for me, and would be glad to recommend 
you to anyone wanting their business attended to in a prompt and business- 
like manner." 

From J. H. McConnell, Pulteney, N. Y.: "The patent on my invention 
on Combined Cane and Stool came very promptly to hand. I am well 
satisfied with your work and the prompt way in which you attended to my 
business." 

From William Lee, Elwood, Ind.: "I am under many obligations for 
the prompt and honest service I received at your hands in the matter of 
securing my patent and of the broadest possible claims on my invention. 
I cheerfully recommend you to the public." 

From Wm, A. Mercer, Walnut, 111.: "Am well pleased with work done 
for my patent No. 731589." 

From Wm. B. Michel, Versailles, Mo.: "Your work in securing my 
patent on Improved Railway Track Layer far exceeded my expectations 
and am more than pleased with the same. I have more work in view for 
your firm in the near future." 

From AVi'lson E. Moyer, Richland, Pa.: "Your work in securing a 
patent for me was entirely satisfactory, and I cheerfully recommend your 
services to all interested parties." 

From Horace E. Nichols, Whitesboro, N. Y.: "In fegard to securing 
patents I will say that Milo B. Stevens & Co. have been very prompt 
with me and have given me entire satisfaction witii their work." 

From T. Massey Short, New Lewisville, Ark.: "Your work in handling 
my patent on Cotton Chopper was more than satisfactory, and I can cheer- 
fully recommend you to anyone desiring work in this line. Am working 
on another machine and expect to give you the handling of the case." 

From Saxton C. Shoup, Fostoria, Ohio: "It affords me pleasure to say 
that your promptness in securing patent on my Preserving Compound has 
been very satisfactory and I commend your very thorough and eflScient 
manner of conducting the patent business." 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 33 

From A. Walter, Gorham, N. Y.: "The writer wishes to thank you 
for the dispatch and manner of securing patent and would be pleased to 
recommend your company to parties wishing to secure a patent." 

From W. H. Williams, Slateford, Pa.: "It gives me pleasure to state 
that my trausactionsi with you have been very satisfactory and I do not 
hesitate to recommend any one in need of a good Patent Solicitor to secure 
your services. Any future 'business in your line which I may have will be 
placed in your hands." 

From E. H. Bonebrake, Roadside, Pa.: "I regard you as very thor- 
ough in the preparation of patent cases and unusually successful in secur- 
ing w^hat you claim." 

From C. C. & C. S. Nichols, Roseland, Neb.: "We obtained a patent 
on Traction Wheel through Milo B. Stevens & Co. and do not hesitate to 
recommend them as reliable, energetic attorneys." 

From John B. Gary, Peruque, Mo.: "I cheerfully recommend Milo B. 
Stevens & Go. to any one wishing to secure a patent." 

From George R. Jackson, McLean, 111.: "I have employed three differ- 
ent patent attorneys and can testify that you have done by far the best 
work for me." 

From J. G. Blott, Waukesha, Wis.: "The patent you obtained for me on 
my Tacking Tool was first-class and I thank you for the good work done 
for me. I will recommend you to my friends in need of such service." 

From Winfield Scott Barager, Hunt, N. Y.: "My patent, No. 734154, 
issued eighty days after filing application, has been received. Please ac- 
cept my thanks for your kindness and the gentlemanly course which you 
pursued in my case. Your services have been perfectly satisfactory in 
every way." 

From Charles A. Overton, Dunlap, Iowa: "I received my patent on 
Stove Pipe sooner than I expected and am perfectly satisfied with the 
way you prosecuted my case. I hope to do further business with you." 

From August F. Hein, Postville, Iowa: "I wish to express my appre- 
ciation of your courtesy and the speed with which you secured my patent. 
I shall show my satisfaction by giving you any further work I may have in 
your line." 

From Joseph Herb, West Superior, Wis.: "I am perfectly satisfied 
with your work in securing the allowance of my trade-mark case." 

From J. A. Peek, Springfield, Mo.: "The patent on Wagon which you 
secured for me was all I could ask. I also have another invention which 
I shall want pat-ented." 

From Josiah Pence, Nicholasville, Ky.: "Allow me to thank you for 
procuring for me the patent on my Seed Gatherer. I am especially well 
pleased with the prompt, fair and able way in which you managed the 
case and shall take pleasure in recommending your firm." 



34 MILO B. STEVENS & CO. 

From Joseph Bertrand, Chicago, 111.: "Please accept my thanks for 
your promptness in ascertaining the patentability of my invention. I will 
cheerfully recommend you to others." 

From M. T. Bransfield, Chicago, 111. : "The highly efficient manner in 
which my application for patent was prosecuted by your firm, together with 
the courteous treatment received at your hands at all times, have merited my 
utmost satisfaction and gratitude." 

From John F. Doyle, Chicago, 111. : "Having had considerable profess- 
ional work done by Milo B. Stevens & Co. and found that firm thoroughly 
honorable, conscientious and competent, I cheerfully recommend them to all 
prospective applicants for patents." 

From John Hueni, Chicago, 111. : "It gives me great pleasure to testify 
that the services of Milo B. Stevens & Co. in securing my patent were very 
satisfactory and any one desiring their services will make no mistake in 
employing them." 

From Albert B. Gardella, Cleveland, Ohio: "I am more than pleased 
and satisfied with your work and will recommend you to any one having 
anything in your line." 

From Andrew Juif, Detroit, Mich. : "I am especially pleased with your 
services in securing patents." 

From John W. Pax, Chicago, 111. : "As one of your clients I desire 
to inform you that your services in securing my patent have given entire 
satisfaction. Some future day I may call upon you again." 

From Chas. C. Reid, Cleveland, Ohio : "I wish to thank you for your 
promptness in securing my patent as well as for your valuable advice, cour- 
teous treatment and business-like methods." 

From C. H. Schenck, Cleveland, Ohio : "I wish to thank you for your 
promptness in securing my patent. I will recommend you to persons requir- 
ing the services of a reliable attorney." 

From C. A. Sundgren, Chicago, 111. : "I wish to express my satisfaction 
with your services in securing my patent. I am very much pleased with the 
results and shall call on you again when I need your services." 

From Ira C. Stump, Cleveland, Ohio : "You may write anything to 
suit you over my signature by way of a good testimonial. I am anxiously 
looking for action on my present pending claim." 

From E. Stevens and Chr. Terborg, Chicago, 111. : "We are fully satisfied 
with your work in securing us a patent on Railway Gate. You were always 
ready to give advice and explanation." 

From Wight & Hyatt, Cleveland, Ohio: "Our patent on Steam Boiler 
Furnace which you procured for us is just received. We beg to offer our 
thanks for the courtesy, patience, painstaking care and ability to grasp the 
details which you have uniformly shown in prosecuting this case. We are 
pleased with the clearness of the specifications, and with the accuracy of 
the drawings, and believe you have served our best interests in the claims. 



WASHINGTON, D. 0. 86 

and used all the points to the best advantage. We are very glad indeed to 
acknowledge our appreciation of your services." 

From L. A. Wiseman, Cleveland, Ohio : "I am well pleased with your 
work in securing patent on my Combined Level and Square and if I ever 
have another case I will certarinly let you handle it." 

Following is a list of some of the persons for whom we have obtained 
patents: 

Abbey, Wilson H., and Jacob Altmos, Ohio, Electrode. 
Adams, Abram L., Ohio, Engine Drum Attachment. 
Adams, William C, Iowa, Milk-pail Support. 
Aldrich, Reginald D., 111., Sprinkler Attachment. 
Allen, Augustus V., Mo., Grooving Machine. 
Allen, Leroy B., Ohio, Saddle. 
Allen, Leroy B., Ohio, Checkrein Holder. 
Anderson, Gotmar, N. D., Veterinary Forceps. 
Applegate, Abra., Iowa, Stacker-Blower Governor. 
Arnold, Phineas A., Ohio, Screening and Separating Apparatus. 
Arnold, Robert, Ohio, Truss. 
Ashby, Wm. H., Texas, Vehicle Tongue Support. 
Astle, Richard T., Wyo., Cooking Utensil. 
Avery, Mary L., Cal., Dress-cTiart 
Bailey, George D., Mich., Display Stand. 

Baldwin, William I., and Everett A. Kline, Ohio, Paper-bag Machine. 
"•"Baldwin, George A., Mo., Sound-conducting Horn. 
Barager, Winfield S., N. Y., Washing Machine. 
Barz, Paul H., 111., Polishing Machine. 
Baxter, George F., La., Saw-mill Carriage. 
Bayard, Hyram J., 111., Toy Bow. 
Baylis, Chas. N., W. Va., Railway Switch. 
Beardsley, Chauncey H., Ohio, Soft Tread Horseshoe. 
Beeler, Esten B., 111., Window Cleaner. 
Bening, Edward W., 111., Smoke-bell. 
Bennett, Bruce, and John E. Moore, 111., Clod Crusher. 
Berman, John, 111., Binder. 
Berry, David C, Pa., Cross-lhead. 
Berry, Matthew S., Me., Rowlock. 
Bertrand, Joseph, 111., Saw Level. 
Blake, Fred W., Ohio, Furnace. 
Blanchard, Thos. E., Colo., Design. 
Blee, Chas. O., and James H. Redding, Fence-post. 
Blot, John C, Wis,, Tacking Tool. 
Blum. Joseph, 111., Towel-holder. 
Blum, Joseph, III., Sink Attachment. 



$6 MILO B. STEVENS & CO. 

Bonney, Henry H., Minn,, Mop-cabinet. 

Bordner, William R., Ohio, Fence-post. 

Bonebrake, Edw. H., Pa., Cultivator. 

Bosemer, Charles, 111., Oven. 

Bostwick, Charles I., Minn., Grain Wagon or Tank Lining. 

Bowers, John C, and Edward Dool. 111., Egg-tester. 

Bowers, John H., La., Pruning Implement. 

Bowling, Fred'k T., Md., Damper and Spark Arrester. 

Bransfield, Michael T., 111., Horse Stock. 

Brock, Clarence R., and William C. Barth, Kans,, Fan. 

Broderick, Robt., and Frank W. Gordon, Ohio, Electric-arc Lamp. 

Brousseau, Harry, Wis., Hatch. 

Brown, Francelia, N. Y., Game Apparatus. 

Brown, George W., Ohio, Process. 

Brown, Jacob W^., Mass., Game-board Design. 

Brown, Robt. E., Va., Well-borer. 

Brown, Wm. H., Ohio, Concrete Machine. 

Buckley, Chas., and Isaac C. Hollinger, Ind., Check-hook. 

Bunce, Earl M. (2), Ohio, Rail-tie. 

Burgin, Welby W., Ky., Dental Engine Attachment. 

Butcher, Elmer E., Ohio, Wireless Telegraphy. 

Byrne, Michael F., Iowa, Door. 

Carlson, Axel, 111., Rein Holder. 

Carpenter, John H. and Chas., 111., Massage Instrument. 

Carrick, Wm. B., 111., Gas-burner. 

Carter, James H., 111., Cell Case. 

Gary, John B., 111., Wagon Brake. 

Chapman, Geo. E., Geo. L. Ensign and John M. Weir, Ohio, Trolley* 

wheel. 
Chapman & Ensign, Ohio, Trolley. 
Chapman, Frank J., Pa., Pneumatic Hammer Casing. 
Chapman, George E., Ohio, Trolley-wheel Bearing. 
Chartrand, Edmund, 111., Scaffold. 
Cherer, Merrell A., Texas, Scaffold. 
Chilcote, Maurice A., Ohio, Belt Fastener. 
Christinsen, Anton, 111., Car-brake. 
Christy, James, Jr., D. C, Tire. 
Clarke, John S., Mich., Flue-cleaner. 
Clark, John and Albert Holft, 111., Gas-burner. 
Coffey, Michael, 111., Garment Clasp. 
Compton, Chas. H., 111., Lamp-burner. 
Cook, Irving A., Ohio, Sewing-machine Horn. 
Cooper, George B. F., Mich., Brake-beam Fulcrum. 
Cooper, George B. F., Mich., Brake-beam and Attachment. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 37 

Culley, Oarl R., Ohio, Numbering Machine. 

Culley, Carl R., Ohio, Printing-press. 

Curlett, Lewis K., III., Electrical Signal. 

Cusick, Thomas, N. D., Car-coupling. 

Daniels, Cyrus D., Ohio, Book Support. 

Darling, Edward J., Pa., Combination Article. 

Deckand, Thomas E., Ohio, Printing-frame Holder. 

Deppe, Nelson R. (2), N. C., Lumiber-jack. 

Dickson, Geo. F., and Ellsworth E. Bower, III., Clenching Tool. 

Dill, Edward S., 111., Door Hanger. 

Ditty & Ordner, Ohio, Trade-mark. 

Dahoney, Priscilla W., Ky., Lifter and Conveyer. 

Dorffel, Chas., 111., Holding-plate Design. 

Doty, Alphonso H., Minn., Match-box Holder. 

Douglas, Benj. B., Mo., Holder. 

Dunham, Wm. J., N. Y., Leather-working Machinery. 

Durand, John, Ga., Printing-press. 

Durand, John, Ga., Hand-stamp. 

Edsen, Alfred C, 111., Coin-controlled Apparatus. 

Binfalt, John A., Neb., Sliding-door Hanger. 

Eldredge, Mary E., Pa., Toy Furniture. 

Embry, John R., Kans., Wind-motor. 

Emery, Ned H., Iowa, Hay-rack. 

Esser, Lawrence, Mo., Nut-loc'k. 

Estes, William B., 111., Furnace. 

ETered, Herbert C. (111.) and John F. (Mo.), Clothes-drier. 

Field, Jacob W., 111., Cigar-cutter. 

Fiveash, Zion E., Mo., Rail Joint. 

Flanagin, Herschel H., Mich,, Store Cabinet. 

Ford, Samuel R., Ind., Sleigh Runner. 

Fortier, Edmond, III., H. P. Indicator. 

Foster, William S., 111., Cutting-machine. 

French, Richmon E., Ohio, Bottle Design. 

Gaines, Thomas K., Texas, Artificial Stone. 

Galbraith, Wm. T., Alexander Weaver and James W. Sconce, Mo., Steam- 

*" boiler. 
Gale, Henry, III., Hoof Protector. 
Galey, John M,, Texas, Cylinder-cock. 
Gantt, William M. and James M., S. C, Wagon-brake. 
Garvey, Francis J., 111., Pail. 

Gelabert, William P., and Thos. G. Nelson, Mo., Buckle Design. 
Geisel, Mary, W. Va., Folding Bed. 
Gilling, Chas J., 111., Tire. 
Golden, Arville A., and Emma L., Ohio, Nut-lock. 



38 MILO B. STEVENS & CO. 

Grindell, Chas. S., Ohio, Whififletree-hook. 

Groora, Isaac E., Kans., Mowing-machine. 

GrooTDies, Asal, Mich., Telescope. 

Guyot, Mary, 111., Chair. 

Hamilton, Edward D., Wash., Washing Machine. 

Hamilton, Henry A., Pa., Brush Design. 

Hamilton, John F., Ind., Exhaust-nozzle. 

Hansen, Christian, 111., Hand Stamp. 

Harmon, John, 111., Conveyer. 

Harpold, Christopher, Cal., Fruit-cutter. 

Harris, John, Ohio, Gas-burner. 

Hatfield, Guy M., O. T., Clothes-pin Design.' 

Hawkinson, Chas. H., 111., Burglar Alarm and Door Check. 

Hawkinson, Chas. H., 111., Sash Lift and Lock. 

Hazard, Clark D., Ohio, Heating-furnace. 

Heberling, Albert T., Pa., Trade-mark. 

Heizer, John W., 111., Electric Fixture Support. 

Hemphill, Martin L., Ind., Horse Stock. 

Henry, Thomas J., Iowa, Scraper. 

Hepburn, Martin E., 111., Switch. 

Hepp, Daniel, 111., Time Recorder. 

Herb, Joseph, Wis., Trade-mark. 

Herbst, Frederick, Colo., Miner's Tool. 

Hildebrand, Albert, Iowa, Tender. 

Hill, Roibert S., Mich., Conveyer. 

Hillabrant, Clement S., N. Y., Trade-mark. 

Hine, Thomas W., Iowa, Nut-lock. 

Hoffman, Louis E., Ohio, Air-pump. 

Hoffman, Louis E., Ohio, Boiler Feeder. 

Holmgren, Oscar F., 111., Composing-stick. 

Holten, James McK., N. J.., Oyster-tongs. 

Hughes, William W., Ohio, Bicycle-saddle Cover. 

Hurst, Eugene D., Neb., Threshing Machine. 

Ingersoll, John L., Mich., Potato-digger. 

Inskeep Edmund A., 111., Nose Guard. 

Israelson, Iver C, S. D., Vise Attachment. 

Jackson, George R., Ind., Saw. 

James, John T., O. T., Cotton-chopper. 

Jenske, Gus A., Chas. A. Homrig and Eugene M. Blaine, 111., Hook. 

.Johnson, Robert S., Mich., Crate. 

Johnson, William T., Texas, Bale-tie. 

Jones, Herbert D., III., Bottle-cap. 

Jones, Thomas B., Ky., Screen. 

Joubert, Joseph, III., Bracket. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 39 



Juif, Andrew, Mich., Cooling and filling apparatus. 

Kelly, John A., and Staph. W. Rouse, Minn., Mill. 

Kersey, Edward, III., Bottle. 

Kesselring, Jacob, Mich., Cuspidor Design. 

Kesselring, Philip, Jr., S. D., Fanning-mill. 

Ketelsen, Andrew J., 111., Separating-pan. 

Kibbe, William A., Kans., Trestle. 

Kildow & Lowry, Ohio, Trade-mark. 

King, John H., Mich., Hay and Stock Rack. 

King, Thos. W., Ohio, Damper. 

Kinkade, Thos., Wyo., Rod-packing. 

Klickman, Robt, 111., Knife. 

Klopsch, Osmar, N. Y., Trade-mark. 

Knutson, Peter C, Wis., Corn-shocker. 

Koeller, Wm. F., and Henry Dyer, Mich., Lathe-tool. 

Koenig Chas L., Texas, Blind-stop. 

Koryta, Chas., Ohio, Press-board. 

Koze, Frank, Ohio, Hydraulic Motor. 

Krant, Chas., 111., Transfer Process. 

Kughler, John H., 111., Elevator Appliance. 

Kuler, Leo., Pa., Wrench. 

Lacey, Oliver C, Va., Fire-ertinguishing Compound. 

Lacey, Oliver C, Va., Fire-proofing Compound. 

Latham, Geo. W., Me., Boring-tool. 

Lautenbach, Evert, 111., Skirt-lifter. 

Lautenbach, Evert, 111., Rule. 

Lavender, Thos. J., Mich., Chopping-knife. 

Lawton, Henry B., 111., Griddle. 

Leach, Amos W., Ind., Safety Device. 

Lepart, Warren W., Mich., Chair. 

Levarm, Lewis H., Vt., Trap. 

Levitin, Jakob, and Jacob Roser, 111., Clothes-pounder Deslga* 

Light, Frank, Colo., Flushing Apparatus. 

Lilly, Francis G., Ohio, Potato-digger. 

Lipps, William, Tenn., Water Elevator. 

Loeb, George, Jr., Ohio, Washtub. 

Magie, Wilbur R., Ohio, Feed-tank. 

Mahler, Henry, Neb., Plow. 

Mains, Wm. F. and Oliver E., Ohio, Truck. 

Mallot, Hiram V., and Chas. K. Tuggle, Ohio, Valve. 

Mangelsdorf, Edward C. 111., Car. 

Marsalis, Elijah, Miss., Plow Attachment. 

Marshall, John W., Mont., Clamp. 

Martin, Fred S., Neb., Gas-cock Lock. 



40 MILO B. STEVENS & CO. 

Martin, Herman, Ohio, Wire-fence Machine. 

Mason, Chas. T., S. C, Telephone-transmitter Joint. 

Mathews, William, Ohio, Saw Set. 

Mattoch, Robert L., 111., Sheet Music Carrier. 

McConnell, James H., N. Y., Comibined Cane and Stool. 

McChesley, Hugh M., Ohio, Horseshoe. 

McChesley, Hugh M., Ohio, Nut-lock. 

McFatridge, Charles M., Ohio, Wire Bender. 

McGaughey, Samuel J., and Jacob Sheerer, Pa., Barrel. 

McGeorge, Percy A. (2), N. Y., Conduit. 

Mead, Edwin E., 111., Car-seal. 

Meams, Thos. V., Wash., Meat Needle and Larder. 

Medford, Fred E., O. T., Computing Scale. 

Melrose, Wm. A., Ind., Crate Filler. 

Mercer, William A., 111., Music-leaf Turner. 

Merritt, Willard M., Mich., Culinary Vessel. 

Mills, Percy B., Mich., Mold. 

Miller, Allen L., 111., Tire. 

Milner, Albert R., Ohio, Chair. 

Monitor, Joseph A., 111., Bedstead. 

Morris, John, Ark., Well-strainer. 

Moss, Bertie B., Ind., Rail-tie. 

Moss, Bertie B., Ind., Nut-lock. 

Moss, Bertie B., Ind., Tie-plate. 

Moyer, Wilson E., Pa., Can. 

Myers, Benj. R., and Chas. A. Jacoby, 111., Umbrella. 

Myers, Jos. R., and Benj. R., 111., Hat-tip. 

Nelson, Chas. M., and John A. Christianson, 111., Vessel, 

Newman, Herman, Mich., Crib. 

Nichols, Horace E., N. Y., Contact-post Design. 

Nielsen, Peder, Mich,, Excavator. 

Newdyke, William, Wis., Door. 

Ne^'port, Thos. L., Cal., Bath-brush. 

Nichols, Claude and Chas. C, Neb., Wheel. 

Niemeyer, Henry W., 111., Handle. 

Niggli, Emil (2), Texas, Cheese-cutter. 

Nolan, John F., 111., Molding-machine. 

Norrington, Nova Z., Ind., Valve. 

Norris William E., Mo., Clamp. 

Odell, Levi .J., 111., Bread-cutting Machine. 

O'Donnell, Mich. J., 111., Motor Vehicle. 

Olds, Fred P., Ohio, Shoe Last Design. 

Orvis, Charles W., Mo., Vise. 

Ogle, Chas. N., and Isaac K. Hurt, Ohio, Pulley. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 41 

Oines, Ole, S. D., Clothes-pounder. 

O'Malley, Howard M., Ohio, Wheel. 

Overton, Ohas. A., Iowa, Stovepipe-joint. 

Falser, George N., Tiberius McCall and Fred H. McCall, Neb., Clamp. 

Parham, Horace M., S. C, Inking Roller. 

Park, Alexander, and Ohas. During, Ohio, Manufacture of Shovels. 

Park, Andrew J., I. T., Switch Signal. 

Parrett, Edgar E., Ind., Desk Attachment. 

Patrick, Ctas. H., 111., Surgical Chair. 

Pawley, Ernest C, and Wm. H. Miller, 111., Tank and Heater. 

Pax, John W., 111., Holder Design. 

Peacock, George J., Ind., Fan. 

Peddy, Andr. J., Tenn., Chair. 

Peek, James A., Mo., Hub-attaching Device. 

Pence, Josiah, Ky., Seed-gatherer. 

Penrod, John F., Pa., Rein-support. 

Pertz, John W., Ind., Feed-water Heater and Purifier. 

Phifer, John N., 111., Electrical Generating-machine. 

Phillips, John, 111., Square. 

Pond, Harry S., 111., Cuff-holder. 

Poole, Samuel E., Ohio, Explosive-engine Starter. 

Porter, Sam'l A. S., S. C, Rotary-engine. 

Post, Alva W., Kans., Wire-fence Tool. 

Post, Claude L., 111.. Calendar. 

Preston, James, 111., Trolley-wheel. 

Putnam, Joseph W., and Wm. Harman, Mich., Cabinet. 

Quist, John, and Jas. A. Bain, Ohio, Gas-generator. 

Ramsey, Deloss, Kans., Band-cutter and Feeder. 

Randall Lucius R., Ga., Combination Farming Machine. 

Randall, Lucius, R., Ga., Shovel-plow. 

Randall, Mercy J., Mo., Wardrobe and Dresser. 

Ray, Albert D., Ohio, Fender Fastening. 

Raymond, Chas M., and Louis E. Hoffman, Ohio, Steam-boiler, 

Raymond, Chas, M., Ohio, Steam-boiler. 

Reid, Chas. C, Ohio, Igniter. 

Ress, Frank L., Ohio, Square and Bevel. 

Reynolds, Frank M., Iowa, Cooler and Aerator. 

Rezniek, Oscar, 111., Ironing Board. 

Rider, Ebenezer W., Mich., Alarm. 

Roark, Mortimer B., Texas, Violin-bow. 

Robbins, Cordilleras L., 111., Door. 

Robertson, Ohas. B. (2), Iowa. Trolley-catcher. 

Robertson, Ohas. B. and John J., Iowa, Insulator. 

Rohwed'der, Detlef H. (2), 111., Propeller, 



42 MILO B. STEVENS & CO. 

Root, William H., 111., Scaffold. 

Rosencrantz, Isador B., III., Tuning-pin Cover. 

Rosenerantz, IsadoT B., 111., Trade-mark. 

Rumple, James T., Texas., Burner. 

Ryan, Edward, and Johnson, Oscar, Iowa, Tender. 

Ryer, Walter E., N. Y., Trolley-wheel. 

Sabin, Herbert B., Ohio, Folding Support. 

Sarbach, Fred, Ohio, Trolley-harp Design. 

Say, Zoe B., Pa., Index. 

Scarbrough, Levi, 111., Fruit Gatherer. 

Scharkofshy, Rudolph, Ohio, Tenpin. 

Schell. James D., 111., Bottle-capping Machine. 

Sdhenck, Claud H. E., Ohio, Wheel Fender. 

Schmoldt, Barney F., Walter, Frederick C, Ohio, Wheel Fender. 

Schopf, Amos, Mo., Tile-laying Machine. 

Sohott, Hugo, 111., Cornice-brake Machine. 

Scott, Oliver P., 111., Incubator. 

Scott, Oliver P., 111., Incubator Heater. 

Sease, Theo. A., Kans., Shade Hanger. 

Setbacken. Peter J., Ind., Gate-latch. 

Settergren, Bernard, 111., Vaporizer. 

Shafer, Riley A., Ohio, Bit. 

Shaw, Jesse T., 111., Rail-tie. 

Shaw, John, Pa., Reamer. 

S'herrill, Francis M., Kans., Cultivator and Weed Cutter. 

Short, Robert L., Ohio, Cannon. 

Short, T. Massey, Ark., Cotton Chopper. 

Shoup, Saxton C, Ohio, Preserving Compound. 

Shue, Philip H. (3), Colo., Concentrator. 

Simmons, John C, Term., Fence. 

Skinner, Burr R., Iowa. Lunch Box. 

Sly, Wm. W., Ohio, Barrel-closure. 

Sly, Wm. W., Ohio, Dust-collector. 

Smith, Wm. H., Kans., Rake and Marker. 

Solar Prism Co., Ohio, Trade-mark. 

Somers, Frank P., Ohio Automatic Cut-off. 

Southworth, Preston B., Oregon, Hook. 

Springard, Joseph, N. J., Awning Support. 

Squires, Henry G. (2), Pa., Ink-well. 

Stafford, Joseph Z., Mont., Plow. 

Stevens, Egbert, and Terborg, Christian, Cal. and 111., Signal. 

Stewart, Wm. M., Colo., Stirrup. 

Stichle, Samuel L. S., Cal., Door-check. 

Stickler, Elias, Iowa, Gate. 



WASHINGTON, D. C. 43 

Stoddard, Merritt li., Ohio, Washing Machine. 

StoH, Charles, 111., Fire-escape. 

Stoppel & Andrews, O'hio, Trade-mark. 

Stow, Burt E., Mont., Roller. 

Straight, E'dwai-d B., 111., Music Rack. 

Stump, Ira A., Ohio, S<?rewdriver. 

Sundgren, Carl A., 111., Shoe-brushing Machine. 

Sutherland, Lucy A., 111., Hook and Eye. 

Sutton, Wm. D., Ohio, Whiffletree Hook. 

Tarns, James H., Mich., Musical Instrument. 

Teele, John W., Texas, Spike. 

Thomas, Benj. K., Nebr., Coupling. 

Thompson, Chas., 111., Bedstead. 

Thompson, James G., Wyo., Sash Fastener. 

Thompson & Simpson, Tenn., Trade-mark. 

Thornton, James H., 111., Sash Lock. 

Timmerman, Jason D., N. Y., Lig'htning Protector. 

Trosh, Reuben S., Mioh., Moving Device. 

Tulley, John W., Mo., Coin-controlled Box. 

Tulley, John W., Mo., Case. 

Turner, Chas. R., Mass., Truss. 

Tverdahl, Ole., Ohio, Sad-iron. 

Vachon, George C, 111., Ornamenting Wood. 

Vessely, Frank J., Ind., Hay Fork. 

Vogt, Jacob, N. Y., Clamp. 

Walter, Christian P., 111., Caster. 

Warner, Maggie, 111., Strainer. 

Washburn, George P., Nebr., Gas Purifier. 

Washburn, George P. (2), Nebr., Acetylene Gas Generator, 

Wayman, Coleman H., Mo., Cartridge Ejector. 

Weidenbaker, Edmund, 111., Flask. 

Wells, Clinton, Colo., Windmill. 

Westbrook, Troy D., Fla., Well-driving Hammer. 

Weston, Oliver, Ohio, Tool-handle Wedge. 

Whitney, Arthur E., III., Hot-air Feeder. 

Wieburg, Frank L., Minn., Measuring Tank and Pump. 

Williams, Nate, Mich., Combination Tool. 

Williams, William H., Pa., Crane. 

Wink, Chas., Ohio, Scow. 

Wiszowaty, Adolph N., 111., Trade-mark. 

Witcher, John D., Ga., Square. 

Wolfe, John W., Iowa, Ore Separator. 

Woodley, Benj. R., 111., Paint Pot. 

Wooten, Augustus H., Ga., Combined Planter and Fertilizer Distributer. 



44 MILO B. STEVENS A CO. 

Young, William H., and Hayer, Stephen A., Fla., Headlight. 

Zaleski, Boleslaus, 111., Trade-mark. 

Zatzhe, Daniel, 111., Window Frame. 

Zilkie, John, 111., Whistle. 

Robbins, C. L., 111., Grain-Car Door. 

Rigg, J. C, Ky., Lifting-Jack. 

Jas. L. Rhodes, Ark., Desk. 

Reich, Otto F., 111., Pillow. 

Rafferty, Wm. J., 111., Apparatus for Heating, Purifying, and Distributing 

Air in Buildings. 
Rackle, Herman E., Ohio, Wall Construction. 
Peterman, A. E., Ala., Telegraph Key. 
Perry, Milo B., Ill,, Soap-dispenser. 
Pence, Josiah, Ky., Seed-gatherer. 
Palmer, George W., Cal., Curtain-rod Support. 
Page, R. D., Mich., Automatic Crossing-gate. 
Olson, A. H., and Nyberg, C. E., 111., Rotary Engine. 
Morris, T. Eegar, 111., Device for Opening and Closing Doors or Gates. 
Miller, F. J., Ohio, Counterweight Attachment for Gas-engines. 
Miller, Perry B., Mich., Mold. 
M'chel, W. B., N. Y., Rail-joint. 
McCain, F. W., West Va., Water-supply System. 
Maxson, F. E., Minn., Combined Water Still and Heater. 
Lilly, F. G., Ohio, Potato-digger. 
Erving, Andrew V., Mich., Stove. 
Epes, T. P., Va., Tellurian. 
Englert, .Tos. J., 111., Tag-wiring Machine. 
Doyle, Jno. F., Baseball-batting Apparatus. 
DeGraff, H. W., N. Y., Wrench. 
Dennis, Jno. J., 111., Scaffold-bracket. 
Fisher, H. J., Colo., Telephony. 
Feehery, John 111., Grain-separator. 
Hegener, Rudolph, 111., Wooden Column. 
Hoover, O. C, Ohio, Soldering Compound. 
Simmons, Elmer, Mo., Post-maul. 
Sly. Wm. W., Ohio, Clutch. 

Merkels, John B., 111., Closure for Envelops or Bags. 
Shufelt, Wm. R.. N. Y., Vegetable-topping Machine. 
Southwell, John A., Pa., Non-refillable Bottle. 
Schiffer, P. J., Mich.. Letter-box. 



19U8 



Press of 

W. F. @obert8 Co. 

Wajhington 



OUR PRACTICi: 

before the U* S. Patent Office has increased J500 per 
cent^ in six years (since 1901); that is to say it is 15 
times as great as it was only six years ago^ and 
still increasing* 

the: home office 

at the National Capital serves as a working center for the 
three active branches in live communities — 

GHica^o, Cleveland and Detroit — 
and draws besides the patent business of inventors from 
all sections of the Union* 

All Correspondence Absolutely Confidential 



MILO B. STEVUNS CEL CO- 

Established J 864 
ATTORNEYS AND SOLiaTORS IN 

Patent Causes 

817 FOURTEENTH STREET NORTHWEST 
WASHINGTON, D. C 

BRANCH OFFICES 

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